body {
    background: #f9fafb;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: #3b3abf;
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background: #fff;
    color: #4F46E5;
}

.course_card_scroll:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.testimonials_item {
    position: relative;
}

.quote {
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: #4F46E5;
    position: absolute;
    top: -20px;
    left: 20px;
}

.testimonial_name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
}

.testimonial_title {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
}

.footer_list_item a:hover,
.footer_contact_item a:hover {
    color: #F59E42;
}

.footer_social a:hover {
    color: #F59E42;
}

.sidebar .list-group-item {
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 0;
}

.sidebar .list-group-item a {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.sidebar .list-group-item a:hover {
    color: #4F46E5;
}

.card {
    border: none;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.contact_form input,
.contact_form textarea {
    border-radius: 5px;
}

.contact_form button {
    width: 100%;
}

/* Table of Contents
1. General Styles
2. Header (Existing)
3. Home Section (Hero)
4. Feature Boxes
5. Popular Tutorials Section
6. Services (Why Choose Us)
7. Testimonials
8. Footer
*/

/* 1. General Styles */
:root {
    --primary-color: #4F46E5;
    --secondary-color: #F59E42;
    --dark-blue: #1E3A8A;
    --text-dark: #111827;
    --text-light: #6B7280;
    --background-light: #F9FAFB;
    --white: #FFFFFF;
    --border-color: #E5E7EB;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    background-color: var(--white);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.page_section {
    padding-top: 100px;
    padding-bottom: 100px;
}

.section_title {
    margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.section_title h1 {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

/* 3. Home Section (Hero) */
.home {
    width: 100%;
    height: 90vh;
}

.hero_slide {
    position: relative;
    height: 90vh;
}

.hero_slide_background {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    z-index: 0;
}

.hero_slide_overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4));
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero_slide_container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.hero_slide_content {
    color: var(--white);
}

.hero_slide_content h1 {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 4rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.hero_slide_content h1 span {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.hero_slide_content p {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.btn-custom {
    padding: 12px 30px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
}

.btn-primary-custom {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
}

.btn-primary-custom:hover {
    background-color: var(--dark-blue);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.btn-secondary-custom {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: var(--white);
    margin-left: 15px;
}

.btn-secondary-custom:hover {
    background-color: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-color);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.hero_slider_nav {
    color: var(--white);
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.hero_slider_nav:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}


/* 4. Feature Boxes */
.hero_boxes {
    margin-top: -80px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 10;
}

.hero_box {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 40px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.hero_box:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.hero_box .icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.hero_box_title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.hero_box_text {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* 5. Popular Tutorials Section */
.popular.page_section {
    background-color: var(--background-light);
}

.course_box .card {
    border: none;
    border-radius: 15px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.course_box .card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.card-img-top {
    height: 220px;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.card-body {
    padding: 30px;
}

.card-title a {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.card-title a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.card-text {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.price_box {
    background: var(--background-light);
    padding: 15px 30px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.course_author_image img {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.course_author_name {
    margin-left: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

.course_price {
    margin-left: auto;
    background: var(--secondary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 5px 15px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* 6. Services (Why Choose Us) */
.service_item {
    padding: 20px;
}

.service_icon {
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.service_item h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.service_item p {
    color: var(--text-light);
}

/* 7. Testimonials */
.testimonials.page_section {
    position: relative;
}

.testimonials_background_container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.testimonials_overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.9);
    /* dark-blue with opacity */
    z-index: 1;
}

.testimonials .section_title h1,
.testimonials_item {
    color: var(--white);
}

.testimonials_item {
    padding: 0 50px;
}

.testimonials_text {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    opacity: 0.95;
}

.testimonial_user {
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.testimonial_image img {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 3px solid var(--secondary-color);
}

.testimonial_name {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.testimonial_title {
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--white);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

/* 8. Footer */
.footer {
    background: var(--text-dark);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    padding: 80px 0 30px 0;
}

.footer .logo span {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white);
    margin-left: 10px;
}

.footer_about_text {
    margin-top: 20px;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.footer_column_title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.footer_column_list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.footer_column_list li {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.footer_column_list li a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.footer_column_list li a:hover {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer_column_list li i {
    margin-right: 10px;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.footer_bar {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding-top: 30px;
    margin-top: 50px;
}

.social_list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
}

.social_list li {
    margin-left: 15px;
}

.social_list li a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.social_list li a:hover {
    color: var(--white);
}


/* Fix header layout */
.header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 5px 40px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    position: sticky; /* keeps navbar on top */
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
}

/* Logo */
.logo_container img {
    height: 60px;
    width: auto;
}

/* Search bar */
.header_search {
    flex: 1;
    max-width: 400px;
    margin: 0 30px;
}

.search_form {
    display: flex;
}

.search_input {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 20px 0 0 20px;
    outline: none;
}

.search_button {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: #fff;
    border: none;
    padding: 8px 15px;
    border-radius: 0 20px 20px 0;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Nav items */
.main_nav_list {
    display: flex;
    gap: 25px;
    list-style: none;
    margin-left: 440px;
    padding: 17px;
}

.main_nav_item a {
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.main_nav_item a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}





.mr-3, .mx-3 {
    margin-right: 12rem !important;
}






/* =================================
   HERO FEATURE BOXES (V2 - WITH BACKGROUND COLORS)
   ================================= */

/* --- Step 1: Define Your Colors --- */
:root {
    --primary-color: #4F46E5;
    --text-dark: #111827;
    --text-light: #6B7280;
    --background-light: #F9FAFB;
    --white: #FFFFFF;
    
    /* NEW: Soft background colors for each box */
    --box1-bg: #eef2ff; /* Light Indigo */
    --box2-bg: #f0fdf4; /* Light Green */
    --box3-bg: #fffbeb; /* Light Amber */
}

/* --- Step 2: Style the Container --- */
.hero_boxes {
    padding-top: 80px;  /* Increased padding for better spacing */
    padding-bottom: 80px;
    background-color: var(--white); 
}

.hero_box_col {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}


/* --- Step 3: The Main Box Design --- */
.hero_box {
    padding: 40px 30px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 16px; /* Slightly more rounded */
    height: 100%;
    border: 1px solid transparent; /* Transparent border by default */
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);

    /* Smooth transition for ALL properties */
    transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; 
}

/* --- Step 3a: Individual Background Colors for Each Box --- */
.hero_box_col:nth-child(1) .hero_box {
    background-color: var(--box1-bg);
}
.hero_box_col:nth-child(2) .hero_box {
    background-color: var(--box2-bg);
}
.hero_box_col:nth-child(3) .hero_box {
    background-color: var(--box3-bg);
}


/* --- Step 4: Enhanced Hover Effect with Gradients --- */
.hero_box:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(79, 70, 229, 0.2); /* Shadow color matches the primary color */
    background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--primary-color), #818cf8); /* Vibrant gradient background */
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}


/* --- Step 5: Style the Icon, Title, and Text --- */
.hero_box .icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: color 0.4s ease-in-out; /* Smooth color transition */
}

.hero_box_title {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    transition: color 0.4s ease-in-out;
}

.hero_box_text {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
    transition: color 0.4s ease-in-out;
}

/* --- Step 6: Invert Colors on Hover for Readability --- */
.hero_box:hover .icon,
.hero_box:hover .hero_box_title,
.hero_box:hover .hero_box_text {
    color: var(--white); /* All text and icon becomes white on hover */
}



/* =================================
   POPULAR TUTORIALS SECTION (V2 - SMALLER CARDS)
   ================================= */

/* --- Section Styles --- */
.popular.page_section {
    background-color: #f8f9fa; 
    padding-top: 100px;
    padding-bottom: 70px;
}

.section_title h1 {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 2.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 60px;
}


/* --- Card Base Styles --- */
.course_box {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.course_box .card {
    border: none;
    border-radius: 12px; /* CHANGED - Was 15px */
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); /* CHANGED - Softer shadow */
    overflow: hidden; 
    height: 100%;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}


/* --- Card Hover Effect --- */
.course_box .card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px); /* CHANGED - Was -10px */
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* CHANGED - Softer shadow */
}


/* --- Image Styles & Hover Effect --- */
.card_img_container {
    overflow: hidden; 
    height: 180px; /* CHANGED - Was 220px */
    position: relative;
}

.card-img-top {
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover; 
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.course_box .card:hover .card-img-top {
    transform: scale(1.05); 
}


/* --- Card Content Styles --- */
.card-body {
    padding: 20px; /* CHANGED - Was 25px */
}

.card-title a {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.25rem; /* CHANGED - Was 1.4rem */
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-dark, #111827);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.card-title a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5);
}

.card-text {
    color: var(--text-light, #6B7280);
    margin-top: 8px; /* CHANGED - Was 10px */
    font-size: 0.9rem; /* CHANGED - Was 0.95rem */
}


/* --- Card Footer (Price Box) Styles --- */
.price_box {
    padding: 12px 20px; /* CHANGED - Was 15px 25px */
    border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    background-color: #fafafa;
}

.course_author_image img {
    width: 35px;
    height: 35px;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.course_author_name {
    margin-left: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
}

.course_price {
    margin-left: auto;
    background-color: #e0fdf4; 
    color: #059669; 
    padding: 5px 15px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}





/* =================================
   SERVICES SECTION (WHY CHOOSE US)
   ================================= */

/* --- Section Styles --- */
.services.page_section {
    padding-top: 100px;
    padding-bottom: 70px;
    background-color: var(--white, #FFFFFF); /* Clean white background */
}

/* --- Service Item (Card) Styles --- */
.service_item {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.service_item_inner {
    padding: 40px 25px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #E5E7EB);
    border-radius: 16px;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}


/* --- Striking Icon Styles --- */
.service_icon {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    margin: 0 auto 30px auto;
    border-radius: 50%; /* Makes the container a circle */
    
    /* Puts the icon perfectly in the center of the circle */
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;

    /* Colors and transition */
    background-color: #eef2ff; /* A light shade of the primary color */
    color: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5);
    font-size: 2rem;
    transition: background-color 0.4s ease, color 0.4s ease;
}


/* --- Text Styles --- */
.service_item h3 {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: var(--text-dark, #111827);
}

.service_item p {
    color: var(--text-light, #6B7280);
    line-height: 1.6;
}


/* --- Dynamic Hover Effects --- */
.service_item_inner:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.service_item_inner:hover .service_icon {
    background-color: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5); /* Circle fills with primary color */
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF); /* Icon turns white */
}

/* =================================
   FOOTER SECTION
   ================================= */

/* --- Main Footer Container --- */
.footer {
    padding: 80px 0 0 0;
    background: #111827; /* A very dark, near-black blue */
    color: #9ca3af; /* Soft grey for text */
}

/* --- Logo & About Text --- */
.footer .logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.footer .logo img {
    height: 40px;
}
.footer .logo span {
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-left: 10px;
}
.footer_about_text {
    line-height: 1.8;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* --- Column Titles & Link Lists --- */
.footer_column_title {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}
.footer_column_list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}
.footer_column_list li {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.footer_column_list li a {
    color: #9ca3af;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
.footer_column_list li a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5);
}

/* --- Newsletter Form --- */
.newsletter_form {
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 20px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #1f2937; /* Slightly lighter than footer bg */
    padding: 5px;
}
.newsletter_form input {
    flex-grow: 1;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
    padding: 0 15px;
    height: 45px;
    outline: none;
}
.newsletter_form input::placeholder {
    color: #6b7280;
}
.newsletter_form button {
    width: 45px;
    height: 45px;
    border: none;
    background: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5);
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
    border-radius: 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.newsletter_form button:hover {
    background: #3730a3; /* Darker primary color */
}


/* --- Footer Bar (Bottom) --- */
.footer_bar {
    padding: 30px 0;
    margin-top: 60px;
    border-top: 1px solid #374151; /* Darker border */
}
.footer_copyright span {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* --- Social & Contact Icons --- */
.social_contact_list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
}
.social_contact_list li {
    margin-left: 10px;
}
.social_contact_list li a {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #374151;
    color: #9ca3af;
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
}
.social_contact_list li a:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color, #4F46E5);
    color: var(--white, #FFFFFF);
}


/* Style for the new anchor tag wrapping the card */
.course_box .card-link {
    display: block; /* Makes the link fill the container */
    text-decoration: none; /* Removes the default underline */
    color: inherit; /* Makes the text use its original color, not blue */
}

/* Optional: Add a clean hover effect for better UX */
.course_box .card-link:hover .card {
    transform: translateY(-5px); /* Lifts the card up slightly */
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); /* Adds a more pronounced shadow */
    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out; /* Makes the effect smooth */
}

/* Ensure the card itself has a default transition */
.course_box .card {
    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
}