AKSH Java Hub - Python Full Stack Path

1. Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its clear syntax and readability. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant indentation.

Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly, procedural), object-oriented, and functional programming.

# This is the traditional first program in Python.\nprint("Hello, World!")

2. Setup & Environment

To start coding in Python, you need to install the Python interpreter from the official website (python.org). It's highly recommended to use a virtual environment for each project to manage dependencies separately. You can create one using `python -m venv myenv`.

3. Variables & Data Types

In Python, you don't need to declare a variable's type. The type is inferred at runtime. Core data types include `int` (integers), `float` (floating-point numbers), `str` (strings), `bool` (True/False), and `list`.

4. Control Flow

Control the flow of your program using conditional statements (`if`, `elif`, `else`) and loops (`for`, `while`). Python uses indentation to define blocks of code, which is a key feature of the language.

5. Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code defined with the `def` keyword. They help organize your code, make it more readable, and reduce repetition. Functions can take arguments and return values.

6. Data Structures

Python's built-in data structures are powerful. `Lists` are mutable, ordered sequences. `Tuples` are immutable, ordered sequences. `Dictionaries` are unordered collections of key-value pairs.

7. String Manipulation

Strings in Python are immutable and come with a rich set of methods for manipulation, such as `.upper()`, `.lower()`, `.split()`, and `.join()`. F-strings (formatted string literals) provide a concise way to embed expressions inside string literals.

8. Modules and Packages

A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. A package is a way of structuring Python's module namespace by using "dotted module names". The `import` statement is used to bring code from one module into another.

9. File I/O

Python makes it easy to read from and write to files. The `open()` function is used to get a file object. The `with` statement is the recommended way to handle files as it automatically closes them for you.

10. Exception Handling

Handle errors gracefully using `try...except` blocks. This allows you to catch runtime errors (exceptions) and execute code to handle them, preventing your program from crashing.